Pyelonephritis Explained: What It Is, How It Feels, and What to Do

Ever had a sudden, sharp pain in your side that made you double‑take a deep breath? That could be a kidney infection, medically called pyelonephritis. It’s not just a bad UTI – it’s an infection that’s moved up to your kidneys and needs prompt attention.

Why does it happen? Most often, bacteria travel from the bladder up the ureters into the kidneys. The same bugs that cause a regular urinary tract infection (UTI) can cause a full‑blown kidney infection if they’re not treated quickly. People with urinary blockages, catheters, or a history of UTIs are especially at risk.

Spotting the Symptoms Early

Getting the signs right away can save you a lot of trouble. Typical symptoms include:

• Fever over 101°F (38.3°C) – often with chills.
• Flank pain – a constant ache in the back or side, just under the ribs.
• Frequent, painful urination – you might feel a burning sensation.
• Nausea, vomiting, or loss of appetite.
• Cloudy or foul‑smelling urine.

If you notice three or more of these, call your doctor. A simple urine test can confirm the infection, and an ultrasound or CT scan may be ordered if the doctor suspects complications.

Treatment Options That Work

The mainstay of treatment is antibiotics. Doctors usually start with a broad‑spectrum pill or IV drip, then switch to a targeted oral medication once lab results pinpoint the bug. Finish the full course, even if you feel better early – stopping too soon lets bacteria bounce back.

Most people improve within a few days, but you’ll still feel tired for a week or two. Drink plenty of water (aim for at least 8‑10 glasses a day) to flush out bacteria and keep your kidneys hydrated. Over‑the‑counter pain relievers like ibuprofen can help with fever and pain, but ask your doctor first, especially if you have kidney or stomach issues.

When do you need to go to the hospital? If you have severe pain that doesn’t ease with meds, a high fever that won’t drop, or signs of sepsis (rapid heartbeat, confusion, low blood pressure), head straight to the ER. In serious cases, doctors may need to give antibiotics through a vein for several days.

Preventing pyelonephritis is easier than you think. Simple habits can keep bacteria out of your kidneys:

• Urinate when you feel the urge; don’t hold it for hours.
• Wipe front‑to‑back after using the bathroom.
• Drink enough fluids – aim for clear or light‑yellow urine.
• Avoid irritating feminine products like scented sprays or douches.
• If you’re prone to UTIs, consider a low‑dose antibiotic after sex (talk to your doctor).

For anyone with a catheter or structural issues in the urinary tract, regular check‑ups are key. Your doctor might recommend routine urine cultures to catch infections early before they reach the kidneys.

In short, pyelonephritis is a serious but treatable kidney infection. Recognize the symptoms, seek prompt medical care, follow the antibiotic plan, and stay hydrated. With these steps, you’ll bounce back quickly and keep your kidneys happy.